In the summer of 1945, popular discontent reached a climax and revolutionary action involving both political and armed struggle proliferated throughout the country, from north to south, in villages and cities, and among the ethnic minorities in the mountainous regions.

On August 31, 1858, a French naval squadron attacked Danang, launching  several episodes of a war of colonial conquest waged by French imperialism between 1858 and 1884 and resulting in the total annexation of the country.  

Kings of Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945): - Gia Long (1802-1819)                                       - Ham Nghi (1884-1885) - Minh Menh (1820-1840)                                    - Dong Khanh (1886-1888) - Thieu Tri (1841-1847)                                        - Thanh Thai (1889-1907) - Tu Duc (1848-1883)                                          - Duy Tan (1907-1916) - Duc Duc (1883, 3 days)                                    - Khai Dinh (1916-1925) - Hiep Hoa (1883, 4 months)                               - Bao Dai (1926-1945) - Kien Phuc (1883-1884)

Kings of Tay Son Dynasty (1778-1802): - Thai Duc (1778-1793) - Quang Trung (Nguyen Hue) (1789-1792) - Canh Thinh (1793 - 1802)  

Towards the end of the 14th century, a great crisis shook the country. The Ming court, then reigning in China, took advantage of this to invade Dai Viet and to impose a form of direct rule which was to last for twenty years (1407-1427). However, the invaders encountered stiff resistance from the beginning, and national independence was eventually wrested back in 1427 by Le Loi, the founder of the Le Dynasty.

As early as JuIy 1407, the Ming emperor had incorporated Dai Viet into the Chinese empire under the title of Giao Chi Province, up a central administration, and divided the country into phu and chau, trying to reach down to village level by 1419.

The oppressive occupation soon triggered fierce resistance. As early as the end of 1407, many uprisings began to occur. A descendant of the Tran Dynasty proclaimed himself king in 1407, taking the name Gian Dinh and setting up his headquarters in Nghe An Province.

The Ho lasted for 7 years, from 1400 to 1407, with two kings:  - Ho Quy Ly (1400)  - Ho Han Thuong (1401 - 1407)  

Kings of Tran Dynasty: - Tran Thai Tong (1225-1258)                               - Tran Du Tong (1314-1369) - Tran Thanh Tong (1258-1272)                            - Tran Nghe Tong (1370-1372) - Tran Nhan Tong (1279-1293)                             - Tran Due Tong (1372-1377) - Tran Anh Tong (1293-1314)                               - Tran Phe De (1377-1388) - Tran Anh Tong (1314-1329)                               - Tran Thuan Tong (1388-1398) - Tran Hien Tong (1329-1341)                              - Tran Thieu De (1398-1400)

Kings of Ly Dynasty: - Ly Thai To (1010-1028)                                                 - Ly Anh Tong (1138-1175) - Ly Thai Tong (1028-1054)                                              - Ly Cao Tong (1176-1210) - Ly Thanh Tong (1054-1072)                                           - Ly Hue Tong (1211-10/1224) - Ly Nhan Tong 1072-1127)                                             - Ly Chieu Hoang (1225) - Ly Than Tong (1128-1138)